NCERT Solutions for Class 8th Science
Chapter 1 – CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
(Complete Downloadable Chapter Solution PDF file is at the bottom of the page)
Q.1 Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks.
float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called ___.
(b) The first step before growing crops is _____________ of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would _____________ on top of water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and ____ and ____ from the soil are essential.
Ans (a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called _crop_.
(b) The first step before growing crops is _preparation_ of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would _float_ on top of water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and _water_ and _nutrients_ from the soil are essential.
Q.2 Match items in column A with those in column B.
A B
(i) Kharif crops (a) Food for cattle
(ii) Rabi crops (b) Urea and super phosphate
(iii) Chemical fertilisers (c) Animal excreta, cow dung
urine and plant waste
(iv) Organic manure (d) Wheat, gram, pea
(e) Paddy and maize
Ans (i) Kharif crops (e) Paddy and maize
(ii) Rabi crops (d) Wheat, gram, pea
(iii) Chemical fertilisers (b) Urea and super phosphate
(iv) Organic manure (c) Animal excreta, cow dung
urine and plant waste
Q.3 Give two examples of each.
(a) Kharif crop
(b) Rabi crop
Q.4 Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.
(a) Preparation of soil (b) Sowing
(c) Weeding (d) Threshing
Q.5 Explain how fertilisers are different from manure.
Q.6 What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.
Ans The supply of water to crops at different intervals is called irrigation. The time and frequency of irrigation varies from crop to crop, soil to soil and season to season. The various sources of irrigation are — wells, tubewells, ponds, lakes, rivers, dams and canals.
Two methods of irrigation which conserve water are:
1) Sprinkler System: This system is more useful on the uneven land where sufficient water is not available. The perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on top, are joined to the main pipeline at regular intervals. When water is allowed to flow through the main pipe under pressure with the help of a pump, it escapes from the rotating nozzles. It gets sprinkled on the crop as if it is raining. Sprinkler is very useful for sandy soils.
2) Drip System: In this system, the water falls drop by drop just at the position of the roots. It is the best and most efficient technique for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees as there is no wastage of water at all. This method is important in areas where water availability is poor.
Q.7 If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
Q.8 Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.
Q.9 What are weeds? How can we control them?
Ans Undesirable plants that grow along with the crop are known as weeds. The process of removing these weeds is known as Weeding. Weeding is necessary since weeds compete with the crop plants for water, nutrients, space and light and thus...........
Q.10 Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop production.
Q.11 Complete the following word puzzle with the help of clues given below.
Down
1. Providing water to the crops.
2. Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions.
5. Certain plants of the same kind grown on a large scale.
Across
3. A machine used for cutting the matured crop.
4. A rabi crop that is also one of the pulses.
6. A process of separating the grain from chaff.